Complete List of Mary Higgins Clark Books

Complete List of Mary Higgins Clark Books Mary Higgins Clark started composing short stories as an approach to enhance her familys salary. After her significant other passed on in 1964, she composed radio contents until her operator convinced her to attempt to compose a novel. At the point when her first novel-an anecdotal life story of George Washington-didnt sell well, she went to composing puzzle and tension books. In excess of 100 million books later, it is sheltered to state she settled on the correct decision. Every last bit of her anticipation books some composed with her little girl Carol Higgins Clark-have become smash hits. Mary Higgins Clark is the recognized sovereign of mental anticipation. Here is a rundown of the books and stories she has composed throughout the years. 1968-1989: The Early Years After the dreary deals of the anecdotal life story Aspire to the Heavens, Higgins Clark confronted a few family and money related emergencies before at last conveying her second book Where Are the Children? to her distributer. The tale turned into a smash hit and Higgins Clark had no monetary concerns without precedent for some years. After two years, Higgins Clark sold A Stranger Is Watching for $1.5 million. The reiteration of work that would bring about her title The Queen of Suspense was immovably in progress. In time, a considerable lot of her books would turn out to be big-screen films. 1968 - Aspire to the Heavens (later retitled Mt. Vernon Love Story)1975 - Where Are the Children?1977 - A Stranger is Watching1980 - The Cradle Will Fall1982 - A Cry in the Night1984 - Stillwatch1987 - Weep No More, My Lady1989 - While My Pretty One Sleeps1989 - The Anastasia Syndrome and Other Stories 1990-1999: Recognition Higgins Clark has won numerous honors for her work including the National Arts Clubs Gold Medal in Education in 1994 and the Horatio Alger Award in 1997. She has been granted 18 privileged doctorates, and was picked as Grand Master for the 2000 Edgar Awards. 1990 - Voices in the Coal Bin and Thats the Ticket (Short stories accessible as an audiobook)1991 - Loves Music, Loves to Dance1992 - All Around the Town1992 - Lucky Day (Audiobook)1993 - Ill Be Seeing You1993 - Death on the Cape and Other Stories1993 - Mother (With Amy Tan and Maya Angelou)1993 - Milk Run and Stowaway (Short stories)1994 - Remember Me1994 - The Lottery Winner and Other Stories1995 - Let Me Call You Sweetheart1995 - Silent Night1995 - Pretend You Dont See Her1996 - Moonlight Becomes You1996 - My Gal Sunday1997 - The Plot Thickens1998 - You Belong to Me1998 - All Through The Night1999 - Well Meet Again 2000-2009: Higgins Clark Co-Writes With Daughter Higgins Clark included a few books per year during this decade and started to compose every so often with her little girl Carol Higgins Clark. Their organization started with Christmas-themed books and has extended to different subjects. 2000 - Before I Say Good-Bye2000 - Deck the Halls (with Carol Higgins Clark)2000 - Mount Vernon Love Story2000 - The Night Awakens2001 - On The Street Where You Live2001 - He Sees You When Youre Sleeping (with Carol Higgins Clark)2001 - Kitchen Privileges, A Memoir2002 - Daddys Little Girl2003 - The Second Time Around2004 - Nighttime Is My Time2004 - The Christmas Thief (with Carol Higgins Clark)2005 - Where Are the Children?2005 - The Classic Clark Collection2005 - No Place Like Home2006 - The Night Collection2006 - Two Little Girls in Blue2006 - Santa Cruise: A Holiday Mystery at Sea (with Carol Higgins Clark)2007 - I Heard That Song Before2007 - Ghost Ship2008 - Where are You Now?2008 - 2009 - Â 2010 to Present: Higgins Clark Books Reign as Bestsellers Incredibly, all Higgins Clark tension books have been hits and most are still in print. She kept on composing a few books per year to add to her noteworthy arrangement of work. 2010 - The Shadow of Your Smile2011 - Ill Walk Alone2011 - The Magical Christmas Horse2012 - The Lost Years2013 - Daddys Gone A Hunting2013 - Inherit the Dead2014 - Ive Got You Under My Skin2014 - The Cinderella Murder2015 - Silent Night2015 - The Mystery Writers of America Cookbook2015 - Death Wears a Beauty Mask and Other Stories2015 - The Five-Dollar Dress (short fiction)2015 - The Melody Lingers On2015 - All Dressed in White2016 - As Time Goes By2016 - The Sleeping Beauty Killer2017 - All By Myself, Alone

Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech -- New York Yankees Baseball Essays

Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech Over the span of American history, there have been plentiful measures of well known discourses, spoken by a wide range of individuals. From political figures to sports players; these individuals have given profound contemplations and incredible experiences about what their identity is and the world we live in today. Being a games devotee, a vital discourse rings a bell. Lou Gehrig’s â€Å"farewell speech†, given on July fourth, 1939, to in excess of 62,000 fans at New York City’s Yankee Stadium, has become a foundation throughout the entire existence of baseball in America. Lou Gehrig is viewed as one of the most under-evaluated sports players ever. Gehrig played in a similar time with greats like Babe Ruth and Joe DiMaggio. In Fact, Gehrig played on a similar group and really batted behind Ruth and DiMaggio. Gehrig’s epithet is the â€Å"Iron Horse,† which came to fruition with Gehrig’s stunning back to back games played streak. Gehrig playe d in 2,130 sequential games, which remained as the back to back games record until just as of late broken by Cal Ripken, Jr. Gehrig kicked the bucket in 1941, at 37 years old. In spite of the fact that numerous popular addresses have been spoken all through time, Lou Gehrig’s goodbye discourse has stayed one of the most important talks ever, because of the manner in which he charmed his fans with the utilization of talk. Lou Gehrig was known as an unobtrusive man and a â€Å"tireless worker,† with wonderful work propensities. Gehrig was the main competitor in history to have his pullover resigned. Celebrated number 4 was resigned in 1939. Gehrig likewise holds the record for most excellent hammers in a profession with 23. Gehrig was the principal player in history to drive in 500 runs in three back to back seasons. Gehrig’s goodbye discourse was certainly coordinated towards baseball fans; more specifical... ...ou see through models, each of the three sorts of talk are available in Gehrig’s goodbye discourse. One thing that is absent in this discourse is the utilization of deceptions. Gehrig’s discourse was a real location, took into account baseball fans all over about the earnestness of Gehrig’s expulsion from baseball. This discourse doesn't have a shortcoming, nor does it have an absence of sufficiency. Lou Gehrig, one of the most under-evaluated sports players ever, displays an incredible discourse. It unmistakably speaks to the creator, just as the crowd and its motivation. The structure of Lou Gehrig’s goodbye discourse is spoken to by circumstances and logical results. The discourse likewise offers to each of the three types of talk †Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. This discourse will stay a celebrated discourse for a very long time to come, because of its strong structure, sound assault on each of the three sorts of talk, just as its absence of blemishes.

Blog Archive INSEAD Essay Analysis, 20162017

Blog Archive INSEAD Essay Analysis, 2016â€"2017 *Please note: You are viewing an essay analysis from the 2016-2017 admissions cycle.  Click here to view our collection of essay analyses for the current admissions season.   In recent years, we have seen more and more of the top business schools scaling back the number and/or length of their required application essays, yet INSEAD continues to stick with its longtime format of multiple short essays. The school did reduce the number of  motivation essays by one (from four to three) this year, but this may not do much to shorten the length of time candidates must dedicate to the school’s application, because INSEAD also added a brand new video component involving four additional questions. The program has not revealed what those four questions are or the topics they cover, though we feel that applicants should expect that one will be some variation of a “why INSEAD?” query.  Our thoughts on how to approach INSEAD’s multiple written essay prompts follow. Job Essay 1: Briefly summarise your current (or most recent) job, including the nature of work, major responsibilities, and where relevant, employees under your supervision, size of budget, clients/products and results achieved. (short answer) Job Essay 2: What would be your next step in terms of position if you were to remain in the same company? (short answer) Job Essay 3: Please give a full description of your career since graduating from university. Describe your career path with the rationale behind your choices. (short answer) Job Essay 4: Discuss your short and long term career aspirations with or without an MBA from INSEAD. (short answer) For the school’s job essays, we encourage you to start by very carefully parsing exactly what data the school requests for each. Together, these four prompts cover many of the elements seen in a traditional personal statement essay, including info about one’s career to date, interest in the school, and professional goals. However, the topics are clearly separated among individual submissions rather than covered in a cohesive single essay, and INSEAD also asks applicants to comment on their expected progression within their current firm were they to remain there rather than entering business school. The first job essay requires that you outline roughly six different aspects of your current or most recent position. Be sure that you address each of the elements the school lists, and do not skip any just because you would rather write more about some than others. You may also want to consider providing a very brief description of your company or industry, if the nature of either might not be readily clear to an admissions reader. For the second job essay, your response should be fairly straightforward. If your firm has a firmly defined management hierarchy in which one position leads directly to a higher oneâ€"and you would be interested in adhering to that systemâ€"you simply need to explain this and perhaps offer a short description of the new responsibilities your next position would entail. If your company does not have such an arrangement or you would want to move in a different direction, simply explain what your preferred next role would be and the duties involved. For the fourth essay, in addition to presenting your professional goals, you will need to address both options with respect to earning an INSEAD MBA. Do your research on the school’s program to identify specific resources it offers that relate directly to the skills and experiences you need to be successful in your career, thereby illustrating how INSEAD would help you in achieving your aims. As for how you might pursue your goals without an INSEAD MBA, describe some other resources (such as courses, networks, or even volunteer opportunities) that could help you on your path instead. Above all, be sure to show determination and focusâ€"that you are focused firmly on your intended end points and will not be easily deterred. For all the job description essays, avoid using any acronyms or abbreviations that would not be easily recognizable to most people. Using shortcuts (in the form of abbreviations/acronyms) and skipping basic contextual information could make your essays less understandable and therefore less compelling and useful to an admissions reader, so do yourself a favor by more completely depicting your situation. Also, consider framing your responses to these rather straightforward queries in a narrative format to make them more interesting to the admissions reader, rather than simply outlining the basic information. Strive to incorporate a sense of your personality and individuality into your submissions. As we have noted, these questions cover many of the same elements seen in a traditional personal statement essay, and because personal statements are generally similar from one application to the next, we have produced the  mbaMission Personal Statement Guide, which helps applicants write this style of essay for any school. We offer this guide to candidates  free of charge. Please feel free to  download  your copy today. Optional Job Essay: If you are currently not working or if you plan to leave your current employer more than 2 months before the programme starts, please explain your activities and occupations between leaving your job and the start of the programme. With this essay, INSEAD hopes to see signs of the candidate’s interest in ongoing self-improvement, knowledge or experience collection, and/or giving back. Whether you are choosing to leave your job a few months before the beginning of the MBA program or are asked to do so by your employer, simply explain what you expect do and gain during the  interim. The admissions committee wants to know that you are the kind of person who takes advantage of opportunities and to understand what kinds of opportunities appeal to you. For example, perhaps you plan to complete a few quantitative courses to be better equipped to hit the ground running in your related MBA classes, or perhaps you want to spend some time with distant family members or volunteering in your community because you know that your availability to do so will be limited when you are in school, and you want to maintain those important connections. Maybe you want to travel to improve your language ability in a more immersive en vironment before coming to INSEAD, given the importance of this skill in the school’s program. Or you might be arrange informational interviews, job-shadowing opportunities, and/or unpaid internships, which could help in various ways with recruiting and job selection. Whatever your goals and plans, clearly convey how you anticipate your experience(s) to add to or change your character, enhance your skill set, and/or increase your understanding of yourself or othersâ€"all of which are valuable in business school. Motivation Essay 1: Give a candid description of yourself (who are you as a person), stressing the personal characteristics you feel to be your strengths and weaknesses and the main factors which have influenced your personal development, giving examples when necessary (approximately 500 words). Although INSEAD’s request for “main factors … which have influenced your development” comes in the latter half of this essay prompt, we feel you should actually provide this context for your formative experiences before discussing the strengths and weaknesses you derived from them, because showing a clear cause-and-effect relationship between the two is important. The school asks that you offer examples “when necessary,” but your essay will be strongest if you present anecdotes to illustrate and support all your statements. Still, your essay should not end up being a hodgepodge of unconnected anecdotes that reveal strengths. Instead, focus on two or three strengths and one or two weaknesses in the mere 500 words allotted. As always, be honest about your strengths (do not try to tell the committee what you think it wants to hear; truthfully describe who you legitimately are) and especially about your weaknessesâ€"this is vital. Transparent or disingenuous statements will not fool or convince anyone and will only reveal you as someone incapable of critical self-evaluation. Motivation Essay 2: Describe the achievement of which you are most proud and explain why. In addition, describe a situation where you failed. How did these experiences impact your relationships with others? Comment on what you learned (approximately 400 words). For this essay, you will need to offer two anecdotes that reveal different sides of you as an applicant, describing a high moment from your life and a low moment. Because the school also asks you to address how these incidents subsequently influenced your interactions with others and what lessons they taught you, you must identify stories that not only involve a significant incident but also affected you personally in a meaningful and long-lasting way. These elements of your essay are just as important as the accomplishment and the failure you choose to share; your unique thoughts can differentiate you from other applicants, and showing that you recognize how these incidents changed you and your relations with others demonstrates your self-awareness and capacity for growth. Steer clear of trite and clichéd statements about your takeaways, and really reflect on these situations to uncover your deeper reactions and impressions. For example, everyone gains some level of resiliency from a failure, so you must offer something less common and more compelling and personal. Be aware that the best failure essays are often those that show reasoned optimism and tremendous momentum toward a goalâ€"a goal that is ultimately derailed. In most cases, you will need to show that you were emotionally invested in your project/experience, which will enable the reader to connect with your story and vicariously experience your disappointment. If you were not invested at all, it is hardly credible to discuss the experience as a failure or learning experience. Motivation Essay 3: Describe all types of extra-professional activities in which you have been or are still involved for a significant amount of time (clubs, sports, music, arts, politics, etc). How are you enriched by these activities? (approximately 300 words) Although stereotypes about the top MBA programs aboundâ€"this school wants consultants, that school is for marketing professionals, this other one is for techies and entrepreneursâ€"the truth is that they all want a diverse incoming class, full of people with various strengths and experiences that they can share with one another for the good of all. Discussing how you choose to spend your free timeâ€"explaining why your chosen activities are important to you and what you derive from themâ€"provides the admissions committee with a window into your personality outside the workplace and classroom and an idea of what you could contribute to the student body and INSEAD as a whole. Optional Motivation Essay: Is there anything else that was not covered in your application that you would like to share with the Admissions Committee? (approximately 300 words) However tempted you might be, this is not the place to paste in a strong essay from another school or to offer a few anecdotes that you were unable to use in any of your other essays. Instead, this is your opportunity, if needed, to address any lingering questions that an admissions officer may have about your candidacy, such as a poor grade or overall GPA, a low GMAT score, or a gap in your work experience. In our mbaMission Optional Essays Guide (available through our online store), we offer detailed advice on when and how to take advantage of the optional essay (along with multiple sample essays) to help mitigate any problem areas in your profile. Video After submitting their application, this season’s INSEAD candidates must respond to four additionalâ€"and as yet unknownâ€"questions in video form.  Although applicants have until one week after the deadline for the round in which they apply to complete this element of the process, we recommend doing so sooner rather than later while your mind is still in application mode and to ensure you do not somehow forget this task or have to rush through it at the end of the allotted time period. Because all INSEAD interviews are conducted by the school’s alumni, members of the admissions committee have previously had no opportunity to see or meet with candidates; they had to learn all they could simply from the written portions of the application. This new video component will now give the committee direct and dynamic insight into applicants’ character and personality, as well as another angle on their language abilities. About the video, the INSEAD admissions committee says on its site, “We are keen on getting to know you better and believe that through a video you can come to life, so be spontaneous, be creative and be yourself! We look forward to virtually meeting you!” So when the time comes for you to record your responses, do your best to relax, answer genuinely, and let your true self shine through! Share ThisTweet 2016-2017 INSEAD MBA Essay Analysis

What Women Should Wear to a College Interview

Gambling Essay - 1011 Words

Win Some and Lose Some One hour away. Sloan, Iowa. Winna Vegas Casino. We like to say it’s a fun way to get away from college life, hang out with friends, and attempt to add a little extra to the pocket books. Many kids attending Buena Vista University have made at least one trip to the Winna Vegas Casino. This casino is 70 miles from Storm Lake and the age requirement to gain admittance is only eighteen. As an alternative to drinking or the bar scene, individuals view gambling as a relaxing and entertaining past time. However, we recently encountered an article by Pathlights entitled â€Å"The Case Against Gambling†. Apparently what we thought was a fun night out, is causing otherwise good citizens to perish under the gambling†¦show more content†¦These are all statistics regarding to the negative aspect of gambling. Is there anything positive about gambling? At this point one wouldn’t think so. Besides stating the fact that gambling puts money in the wrong hands and that the chances of winning are not very good, Pathlights goes on to say that gambling causes many other problems that are destroying America. Compulsive gamblers are likely to have been married three or more times because of the problems gambling brings home to the household. The suicide rate for spouses of compulsive gamblers is one hundred-fifty times higher than the national average. It is estimated that the average compulsive gambler affects four to ten other people, especially the children. Twenty-five percent of compulsive gambler’s kids show behavioral or adjustment problems in school, use alcohol and other drugs, or are arrested (PATHLIGHTS). Pathlights makes a strong argument defying gambling. Gambling seems to be an impossible way to earn money and the money spent at casinos could be used for programs that are clearly more important. Also, gambling is a downfall to society. It causes fa mily problems and affects the children of gamblers. Is there really a positive side to gambling? Gambling Is The Answer One of the main reasons that Pathlights does not support gambling is because money is not used in the right programs. America citizens want to see programs suchShow MoreRelatedGambling : Illegal Gambling And Commercial Gambling860 Words   |  4 PagesGambling In 2006, the Pew Research Center did many studies on the average American and their gambling habits. Of these studies, â€Å"67% of the people surveyed had gambled in the past year† (â€Å"Supply and Demand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). â€Å"Gambling is the act of risking something of value on the outcome of an event in hopes of gain†(Schwartz). Gambling has become extremely popular and so complex throughout the thousands of years it has been evolving. There are two different types of gambling, social gambling and commercialRead MoreGambling No Matter The Stake Gambling Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesa loser, this being very prevalent in gambling no matter the stake. Gambling regulations exist all over the country as there is a basis of set laws that are put forth by the government, such as the ability to not buy a lottery ticket until the age of 18 and not being able to fully access a casino until the age of 21. On the topic of individual state, states have the power to contro l who gambles and how by setting forth regulations on the topic of gambling, such as recent applications that involveRead MoreGambling and Sports1027 Words   |  5 PagesShould Sports Gambling Be Legalized? Gambling is a common practice throughout human history, one that appeals to the individual’s desire for gain and offers the thrill of risk or uncertainty. Sports gambling is the â€Å"wagering of money or other items of value on the outcome of a sporting event, dependent either wholly or in part on chance† (Thompson, 2008, p. 1). Sports gambling generates billions of dollars annually, with large events like the Super Bowl or World Series alone able toRead More Gambling Essay1614 Words   |  7 Pages Gambling, while it lowers taxes and creates jobs, it also causes addicts to lose money and therefore creates a higher crime rate.A Quick History of Gambling.Gambling was a popular pastime in North America long before there was ever a United States. Playing cards and dice were brought over by both the British and the Dutch. By the end of the 17th century, just about every countryseat in colonial America had a lottery wheel. Cockfighting flourished thoughout the cou ntries, especially in the SouthRead More gambling Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesincredible growth in the gambling industry. Twenty years ago if a person wanted to gamble they had to go to Nevada. Nowadays, there are only six states in which no form of legalized gambling exists. Proponents of the gambling industry feel that this growth is a good thing a nd that it is helping the national economy. However, there are many opponents that feel that gambling is hurting families and society. Indeed, there needs to be a limit to the growth of the gambling industry, although, thisRead MoreWhy Gambling Is The Modern Day Gambling2365 Words   |  10 PagesKingsley Forrester 02/27/15 C 100 Paper Riverboat Gambling The crisp slicing of cards, shimmering dresses, sharp suits, dealers shouting, clouds of smoke from cigarettes, and coins spitting out from glowing slot machines is the modern day gambling that we know today. Thinking of gambling in America has always brought attention to prospering cities like Las Vegas or Atlantic City. Gambling unfortunately has created a dark subculture that surrounds gaming such as: crime, prostitution, andRead MoreGambling Addiction : Illegal Gambling2199 Words   |  9 PagesGambling Addiction Walking into the flashing lights, the happy people and seeing people win; are all the start of a bad beginning. Gamblers have a different mindset them some and they need help most of the time. The worse thing for a person just starting out is to see people win because they believe they are going to do the same thing and even more. That is almost never how it turns out; it usually starts with betting small, but gamblers always raise their bets over time even if they are winningRead MoreLegalized Gambling2290 Words   |  10 PagesEconomic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Class # Title By Charles Conner Baltimore, Maryland December 6, 2005 Professor: Dr. Ira Sohn The Economic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Introduction The effect of gambling on the standard of living will be pronounced if the gambling activity is regressive, meaning that the rate of participation (as a percentage of income) declines as people earn higher incomes. In other words, if most gamblers are poor, then gambling is more likely to affectRead MoreEffects of Gambling1138 Words   |  5 PagesTHE EFFECTS OF GAMBLING Most people with gambling problems say they lost control over how much time and money they spend gambling. Meanwhile, they ignored other responsibilities. For them, gambling is an activity that are important to them. Those who gamble excessively often bring problems for the one they love. The effects of gambling can be classified into individuals, family and the society. Each of them had different aspect. With the problems that been brought by thoseRead MoreGambling1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Gambling Addiction and Problem Gambling To some people gambling is just a waste of time and money but to some it can be a winning streak. Back then in the 1970s 30-55 years old was the typical age that most people gambled but now the typical age is 17-70 years old. In the United States the legal age to gamble is 21 in most casinos and in some Indian casinos the legal age is 18. There are many ways to gamble there are casinos, online gambling and even home gambling with family or friends

The View that Religion Acts as a Conservative Force on...

The View that Religion Acts as a Conservative Force on Society Even though sociologists do not have a true definition of religion they believe that religion is a belief in the supernatural. Some sociologists believe that religion acts as a conservative force. A conservative force is something that prevents change within society and also maintains the status quo. Functionalist believes that religion is a conservative force. Durkhiem believes that everybody shares the same beliefs and values that are represented by sacred symbols. Durkhiem would argue that religion acts as a conservative force as it reinforces the collective conscious. Durkhiem would argue that as people worship in church they are†¦show more content†¦Malinowski a functionalist focuses on the psychological needs of individuals in times of stress. Malinowski believes religion provides people with meanings in times of life crisis for example death and funerals. Things such as funerals allow people to move on and minimise the disruption to society. He argues that the idea of heaven provides people with a meaning of life. This maintains the status quo as it allows people to get on with day to day life. Malinowski did a study of the Troiband Island and he argued people use religion in times of uncertainty. He found that when the people of the island went to out to fis h they felt safe when they fished in the lagoon they felt safe as they was close to home, However when they went to fish out in the sea where the survival rate was low they would pray to god to keep them safe. This shows that religion is a conservative force as it maintains the status quo because it allows people to forget their problems and carry on with their every day life. Parsons another functionalist would ague that religion provides answers to question that appear to be unanswerable, for example when villains seemShow MoreRelatedAssess the View That Religion Inevitably Acts as a Conservative Force in Society875 Words   |  4 PagesAssess the view that religion inevitably acts as a conservative force in society The main sociological theories all believe religion acts as a conservative force in society in a sense that religion helps keep things the way they are and keep everything stable. However some of these theories may be against the idea that religion acts conservative force for their own reasons. For example Feminism believes that religion acts as a conservative force nevertheless they are against it as they believeRead MoreIdentify And Briefly Explain Three Func1490 Words   |  6 Pagesand briefly explain three functions of religion (9 marks) Marxism believes it acts as the ‘opium for the exploited working class people’. Religion would cushion the pain of oppression and exploitation in unequal societies such as in a capitalist society. It legitimized and maintained the power of the ruling class – helps to maintain the status quo by preventing the less powerful from changing things. Feminists see religion as a conservative force because it acts as an ideology that legitimates patriarchalRead MoreReligion and Social Change1217 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Religion can be both a conservative force and an initiator of social change†. To what extent to sociological arguments/evidence support this view. There is great debate concerning the role of religion in society, and whereas some claim that religion acts as a conservative force (that is, it inhibits change), others argue that religion is a major contributor to social change. As would be expected, many sociologists have took the middle ground, and argue that religion can act as both as conservativeRead MoreReligion as a Conservative Force Essay1132 Words   |  5 PagesReligion as a Conservative Force ‘Conservative forces’ in this context can be defined as forces, which protect the existing social order, and radical forces being the opposite of conservative forces are those, which promote change. ‘’ Religion is essentially a conservative force in society and if that is true than it would also be true that religion can also play a part in social change.’ To evaluate whether religion is a conservative force or a forceRead MoreAssessing the Claim that Religion is a Conservative Force Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesAssessing the Claim that Religion is a Conservative Force The view that religion acts as a conservative force in society is usually linked mainly with the Marxist approach. Marx argued that the bourgeoisie (the ruling class) used religious ideas as part of the ‘ideological state apparatus’, this referring to those institutions that served to conceal the capitalist exploitation of the proletariats (the working class) and at the same time make them believe, under falseRead MoreReligion as a Conservative Force Essay936 Words   |  4 PagesReligion as a Conservative Force Describing Religion as a Conservative Force seems to imply that Religion is an inhibitor of social change and used as a means by which to maintain the existing order of Society and the Status Quo. Some Sociologists such as Durkheim and Marx would agree with this and there are others who would argue against such a claim. It is a debate, one side says Religion inhibits change and the other says it sets social change in motion. AsRead MoreEssay on religion and social change1102 Words   |  5 Pages Religion on social change This essay is to assess the contribution of religion as a cause of social change and what it has cause throughout the years, some say that religion acts as a conservative force, other say it is a major contributor of social change and some like to take the middle ground on this topic. Religion to sociologist can be seen in two types of ways which is either a conservative force (keeping thing the way they are) or a force for change. Those who see it as a conservativeRead MoreThe Relationship Between Religion and Social Change Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Relationship Between Religion and Social Change In this essay I will analyze and evaluate the relationship between religion and social change in several ways. I will look at the work of various sociologists and their findings and norm’s etc. One simple argument is that in technologically underdeveloped societies religion arises as a means of explaining the unexplained. Religion, in such societies, is organized into ceremonies that involve strict hierarchicalRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Society1005 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Religion in Society The role of religion in society is definately a dynamic one. The relationship between both religion and society is always changing. Religion effects different societies in different ways and different forms, causing the forms of society to change according to a change in religion. Religion can be a driving force in society, but as a reactionary rather than in a radical way. Functionalism Functionalists believe that religion maintainsRead MoreSocial Welfare : The Protestant Work Ethic And The Spirit Of Capitalism995 Words   |  4 Pagesensure that the poorest and most vulnerable members of society are able to survive have been the subject of increasing scrutinisation and hostility as we have entered the 21st Century. This hostility to social welfare can be seen in the intense backlash against the Affordable Care Act in America, and the current ethos permeating Australian culture that it is better to work in demeaning or unsafe conditions that to be an unproductive member of society. I believe that Max Weber’s most acclaimed work ‘The

Annals Of Business Administrative Science -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Annals Of Business Administrative Science? Answer: Introduction Decision-making is a crucial process of every manager and top management of an organization. The decisions that a company undertake determine the success or failure of that company. Decision-making process, however, is not an easy process and it involves a lot of uncertainty and risks (Sharma et al., 2014). As a manager, you need to make affirmative decisions regarding various issues affecting the business operations. Herbert A. Simon, in his book titled, Administrative Behavior, tried to explain how an organization can be understood based on its decision-making processes. His key point that was so clear was the importance of decision-making in business operations, and therefore, he termed decision-making process as the heart of any administration (Simon, 2013). Nevertheless, in understanding how an organization works, it is crucial to put into consideration various factors and variables that affect the decision-making process. As such, psychology and economic theory come into play. Human behavior as well organizational behavior determines the operations of a company (Forgas George, 2001). As such, while trying to understand, how decisions are made by the managerial team, it is essential to realize how human behavior influences the decision-making process. Various concepts have been documented that shed light on different decision-making tendencies and how we can overcome cognitive biases. This paper, therefore, discusses Simons quote from the Rationality and Administrative Decision Making-section, to System 12 thinking, Bounded rationality, Judgement Heuristics, and Judgement and decision-making process. It will further, use case study scenarios to show the application of these concepts in decision-making process Simons theory Herbert A. Simon has contributed significantly to the economic organization through his explanations of decision-making processes. Simons work particularly in his book, the Administrative Behavior is very comprehensive and at the same time complex. If not keen, one can miss the point he was trying to pass across. Simons theory is based on a rational, classical, and ideal model concerning human decision-making process (Simonsen, 1994). The rational model proposed by Simon does not exist in real life. Therefore, it has received criticism from various scholars. Simon knew this and he encouraged people not to criticize the model but to look at the larger picture. The problem most people encountered was to understand how organizations make decisions and thereby, be able to design organizations with total rationality. Rationality, however, is a variable that determines how organization make judgements, develop values and goals, gather information, and make decisions. In Simons quote, he expounded on the issue of applying rationality behavior in problem-solving (Sternberg Frensch, 2014). He stated that the humans mental capacity is tiny in tackling complex problems as compared to the weight that the problems carry. And the solution could only be found on objective rationality. Human rationality gives the administrative theory meaning, and if there were no practical limits to human rationality, then, Simons theory would lose meaning. These limits, however, are not static and they vary depending on organizations environment where decisions take place. The primary task of the administration of any organization is to create an environment that is very close to rationality (Scott Davis, 2015) hence allowing individuals to make their decisions. Making rational decisions involves making a choice and deciding to do a task with the aim of achieving a particular goal. Limitation of the human brain to handle complex matters as explained by Simon can be attributed to the environment that surrounds an individual. The surroundings entrap and catch them in the ambiance of stress, thereby limiting their thinking capacity. Normally, when a child is born, the mind is very fresh, and as John Locke, the philosopher calls it, a tabula rasa, meaning its a blank sheet (Eriksen Nielsen, 2017), with no contamination. As the child grows and attains maturity, level of understanding jets in and can distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions. During this stage, there is the formation of complex concepts and theories and application of rationality behavior. Simon also gave his ideas on an economic man and administrative man. For an economic man, he represents the objective rationality (Brette et al., 2017). It comes with limitation s, however, such as values, habits, unconscious skills, reflexes, and purpose conceptions. Surprisingly, these factors make a person to lose track of the goals of the organization due to the openness of his mind and freedom to choose. By employing a rational mind, various alternatives are provided from which an individual can choose. However, in actual behavior, its only a few options that come to mind. Though Simon in his quote indicated that man is limited by his brain capacity to handle problems, he further gave the difference between an economic and administrative man. An economic man tackles the real world head-on with all its complexity as compared to an administrative man who selects the most crucial and significant problems (Takahashi, 2015). Contrary to his belief, the human mind is so diverse that they can be able to tackle any problem provided they decide to do so. An administrative man is keen in seeking and finding a satisfactory solution to a problem by finding the best alternative. This is what is required for decision-making process as it is always oriented to finding and choosing the best satisfying alternative. Bounded Rationality Bounded rationality was a concept that was introduced by Herbert A. Simon. He is referred to as the father of the concept and organizational/ economic theory. The concept explains that during the decision-making process by an individual, the tractability of the problem is limited by his/her rationality (Todd Gigerenzer, 2003), cognitive capabilities, and time available. The concept traces back to Simeons theory and quote, where he stated of the inability of a mans mind to solve complex problems. Cognitive limitations which are closely connected to the brain affects the decision-making process significantly. The individuals, therefore, act as satisfiers, that is the administrative man as compared to the economic man. He aims, therefore, at finding a solution that is satisfactory as compared to finding an optimal one. The minds of humans as to find a complementary means of covering their limitations. Structures of the environment such as structural regularity, therefore, helps the hum an minds compensate for the limited resources. Despite the fact that the concept is so much known, its applicability in real business organizations is very minimal. The concept is rarely used for substantive purposes and therefore, it serves a rhetoric function (Poli?, 2009). Compared to Simeons theory, its treated so thinly and has been described as the concept that has been cited broadly but obtained little use. Heuristics, however, are known to enhance the process of decision-making. Judgement and decision-making process Decision-making process requires sober judgment. The effective and efficient process is vital to the success of an organization. In every situation that careful judgment has to be passed by various individuals, the final decision is usually influenced to a certain extent by biases (Bazerman Moore, 2008). Overcoming such biases is essential in making better managerial decisions. In achieving the best result in the process of decision-making, three approaches have been postulated. The quantitative approach which is connected to Simons theory where an individual observes the problem and defines the scope and consequently formulates the hypothesis. The hypothesis is tested, sensitivity analysis conducted, and possible solution of the problem estimated. In this approach, its like they are describing the administrative man of Simeons theory. The second is the decision-centered approach which is based on the bounded rationality concept (Kaplan, 2013). It finds a satisfactory solution to a problem. It assumes that the business environment contains various variables and its not ideal. The final approach involves a group of managers in decision-making process hence known as managerial roles approach. System 1 2 Thinking Thinking is very vital in the decision-making process. Thinking originates from the mind. Therefore, if your mind is not fresh or its contaminated, you cannot think clearly and therefore, there will be biases in the views given during the process of making decisions. Thinking can be explained using two approaches. First, the intuitive approach (Simon, 1987), whereby an individual thinks very fast and secondly, the analytical or slow treatment, whereby an individual thinks slowly. According to Simeon, careful thinking is crucial in the decision-making process. However, despite the high chances, it does not mean such an individual will introduce lots of biases in the process. Nor, does it mean a slow thinker gives unbiased views (Bechara et al., 2000). The concept is connected with Simons theory since cognitive capabilities is a common aspect of these theories. Significance of the different concepts in decision-making These concepts play a significant role in the decision-making process. Bounded rationality, for instance, allows one to compute the optimal decision after defining the problem, identifying decision criterion, weighting the criteria, generating alternatives, and rating the alternatives on the selected criterion. By doing so, one can make the best decision based on the best alternative chosen. (KRoehrich et al., 2014). The concept of judgment and decision-making process gives one insight on how judgment can influence the process of making decisions. Through this concept, also it explains interventions that can improve ones judgment to enable one to make effective decisions (Stingl Geraldi, 2017). People have divergent judgment, and this explains why people give different views when deciding on tasks to undertake. Its also true why there are differences in organization decision-making process. Therefore, through coaching and training as well as an understanding of this concept, it helps sharpen peoples decision-making capabilities and their judgment. Stanovich and West (2000), gave a detailed distinction concerning System 1 and System 2 about to cognitive functioning. System 1 is the intuitive system that is very fast, implicit, automatic, and effortless. On the other hand, System 2 is a slower reasoning, effortful, logical, explicit, and conscious. People, therefore, tend to use System 1 as compared to System 2 and they end up making costly errors. Understanding the concept helps an individual to apply various strategies that ensure they shift from System 1 to System 2, hence avoid decision-making biases. For instance, replacing the intuition with better and formal analytic processes as well taking an outsiders perspective which in turn leads to an efficient decision-making process. Bounded Rationality Case scenario (EL Farol problem) Understanding how bounded rationality concept works, it is important to analyze a case scenario, where there is a real application of the theory. Therefore, this section will discuss the Neural-Evolutionary Learning process in a Bounded Rationality Scenario. Decision-making process is vital in every organization, and the bounded rationality concept plays a significant role in influencing the decisions made. The case scenario of the neural-evolutionary framework focuses on the market models simulations to enhance the process of making decisions (De Arajo et al., 2004) Every individual and agent involved in such a scenario, make use of the neural networks population to make an affirmative decision. In this case, the concept of bounded rationality was put into text in determining agents capable of applying the bounded rationality concept in the El Farol bar case study. The agents were given a chance to choose amongst the available internal set of fixed strategies to give their views on what they think would happen the following week to the attendance in the bar. Interestingly, some agents could only give the strategies that they selected while others were able to come up with new strategies. Such individuals who were creative and gave new ideas could be described to go beyond the concept of bounded rationality. Biases in the scenario and how to overcome The bounded rationality concept states that an individual is guided by his/her cognitive mind, time frame, and rationality in making decisions. To ascertain the working of bonded rationality all factors in the case scenario should be constant. However, the cognitive aspect differs and thats why the agents could give different views (Frederick, 2005). Mutation of some parameters usually affects the outcome of the decision-making process. Therefore, to overcome biases in the scenario, it is recommended to adopt the dynamic learning model as compared to static learning. In the dynamic model, the individuals are given freedom to learn new techniques that they can apply in the creation of new ideas and in sharpening their minds. Static model, on the other hand, gives the individual fixed choices to select from and thereby limiting their capabilities. Improving decision-making process Bounded rationality is widely used nowadays in economic scenarios for reasoning modeling. In cases where the bounded rationality is employed, the behavior of the agents differs significantly with situations where agents are rational. Implementation of the dynamic approach in economic situations allows the use of tractable and traditional techniques in behavior analysis. The decision-making process is also improved since the agents can have a different capability to make decisions. Judgement and decision-making process (Case scenario) Judgment making is very vital in the process of decision-making. The case scenario of this concept will focus on Managerial Judgement and Strategic Investment in decision-making. Investment is crucial to the growth and survival of an organization. There are three main themes concerning managerial judgment. These include the heuristics, consensus, and framing (Harris et al., 2009). The concept is linked to organizational behavior and cognitive psychology. Biases and means of overcoming The heuristics usually influences the judgment of individuals in making decisions as well as the psychological aspect. During the period of uncertainty, the human judgment could be biased substantially due to psychological influences (Riabacke, 2006). Framing, which is the second theme of the concept, is a form of a cognitive bias that is experienced during the decision-making process. It explains why decision makers in an organization differ greatly in their views when presented with the same basic information. When the same concept is framed differently, it usually reveals the cognitive bias to a greater extent, and people start giving very different opinions. The consensus, which is the third theme is concerned with the group dynamics and how managers and other decision-makers influence others. The managers have the power to influence others, and this could be a positive influence in leading them to make good decisions. Influence on decision-making process The case study focused on determining how judgment can affect the decisions in an organization. It was noted that, in any organization and for better strategic investment decisions (SIDS), sober judgment is critical. SIDs remains to be the most important decisions that managers can make. These decisions are majorly influenced by critical judgment and analyzing the situation correctly to achieve the desired results. Otherwise, poor quality decisions typically result to be disastrous to the organization and may also lead to its collapse. The scenario gives the stages of the SID process that are core in the decision-making process. It begins with the identification of the project problems and opportunities, formulating strategic options, generating data and shaping the way forward. It goes further in persuading the top management to make decisions which are in line with the organization goals. Strategic decision-making encompasses the cognitive processes and formal analytical models tha t play a key role in decision-making process. System 1 2 Thinking (Case scenario) In the application of System 1 2 in a real-world case, we shall look at the study case of how system dynamics and system thinking affects the decision-making process in an organization. In system dynamics, it tries to understand the world better by analyzing the alternative policies, dynamic behavior simulation, choice of policies and their implementation. System thinking usually does not have the discipline of creating an explicit model as well as its simulation. Therefore, it relies on the use of unreliable intuition in the evaluation of complex structures and system problems (Forrester, 1994). System dynamics use, and implementation is overgrowing over the recent years due to its applicability in real world. The process involves the description of the system, simulation of the model, designing of alternative policies, education and debate and lastly implementation of the policy changes. During a celebration at Harvard Business School for a major anniversary, System 1 and System 2 thinking was put into test. People were put into groups of 50 each, and they were to observe and analyze the program of a certain system dynamic model. Usually, people can either use system 1 or 2 while giving their views. For this group of people, it was not an exemption, and there were different opinions presented. Biases When faced with a task, an individual respond either by using System 1 or 2. In system 1, we respond quickly without thinking of the consequences. The reason why many people get answers wrong or make the wrong decision has been attributed to some extent to the fact that they use System 1. Although, System 1 use can be employed in situations where we are ambushed or faced with a situation that needs immediate answers. System 2 on the other hand, takes time to analyze the situation (Evans, 2003). In the case of system dynamics, biases were observed amongst the groups. Its interesting that the groups could give different views when they were all given an advance information about the system. One group correctly gave the right description, relevant policies as well as recommendations while the other gave inconsistent information. Significance to the decision-making process The manner in which we analyze tasks before making a decision is important in determining the outcome. Those two groups could be described as one using System 1 while the other System 2. Using System 2 guarantee more success as compared to System 1. Therefore, System 2 is usually described as rational, and it helps individuals to make better decisions since they take their time to analyze the situation fast. Conclusion Decision-making plays a vital role in the management of organizations in the modern world. Its through decision making that the actions of both the organization and managerial team can be accounted. Making a decision means there are alternatives and hence you choose from one. 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